India, the world’s most populous nation with 1.486 billion people, is facing an impending demographic shift according to projections by the United Nations. The country, which surpassed China in April, has been experiencing continuous population growth over the years. For decades, India ran extensive public health campaigns to control the population growth, at times resorting to coercive measures such as sterilization. However, the narrative around population growth in India has evolved. With India’s total fertility reaching replacement levels, the country is at a crossroads where it must decide whether its burgeoning population becomes a resource or a burden.
India’s perspective on population growth has shifted significantly in recent decades as the growth rate has fallen dramatically. A large young population can be seen as an advantage for economic growth, provided it is managed effectively. The country is optimistic that the young population will drive economic progress, but it hinges on how India manages its demographic challenges.
While India has made strides in shifting its focus from population control measures to more nuanced policies, the country is still grappling with various challenges. The environmental impact of a rapidly urbanizing landscape, unemployment levels, and the need to provide education, healthcare, and livelihood opportunities for the growing population are pressing issues that require attention.
Efforts are underway to promote development in smaller towns and cities, aiming to relieve the burden on overcrowded metropolises. Programs like the Smart Cities Mission and Pradhan Mantri Abhas Yojana are focused on improving infrastructure, technology, and living conditions in smaller urban areas. These initiatives have had a positive impact on families, encouraging mobility, and providing opportunities for growth and development.
India’s policymakers are increasingly focusing on creating opportunities for its youth, both locally and internationally. Initiatives like the agreement with Japan to allow Indian professionals to work in certain fields aim to build a more skilled workforce. Additionally, smaller cities are setting up startup incubation centers to nurture local talent and provide employment opportunities. By investing in the youth and promoting sustainable development, India is striving to turn its demographic challenges into opportunities for growth and prosperity.
